Simple. Right-click desktop and choose Sort by > Name.

The way you wish to work with icons sounds like you should be using a Mac computer instead. There would no longer be the types of problems you are constantly having with desktop icons. Unfortunately, ever since Microsoft copied Apple's icon concept, the Microsoft version has always been notably inferior and problem ridden. The icons on Windows are set up differently to that of Mac OS.

An ex-Apple employee was hired by Microsoft who gave them the idea to use icons. But Microsoft used a very different method of incorporating them; almost a stone-age technological and cumbersome approach in comparison.